Santo Domingo.- Today, May 1 is celebrated in various parts of the world, Labor Day or Workers, is the party par excellence of the world labor movement and yet a day that has been commonly used to perform different social demands and labor.
Since its establishment in most countries (though considering holiday was often late) by agreement of the Socialist Workers' Congress of the Second International, held in Paris in 1889, it is a day of struggle and a tribute to the Martyrs Chicago.
These anarcho-syndicalists were executed in the United States for its participation in the days of struggle for the achievement of the working day of eight hours, which originated in the strike that began on May 1, 1886 and its peak three days later, May 4, at the Haymarket Riot. Notably, in the US and Canada this commemoration is not celebrated. Instead Labor Day is celebrated in a parade held in New York and organized by the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor (Knights of Labor, in English) on the first Monday of September.
President Grover Cleveland, hosted the celebration in September for fear that the May date would strengthen the socialist movement in the United States since 1882. Canada joined commemorate the first Monday in September instead of May from 1894.
Labor Day holiday of break In Ecuador as with many other countries, political movements and workers made peaceful marches on May carrying banners allusive to date. On this date not all rest or attend marches, as many jobs can not be suspended for being vital to the functioning of society, others prefer not rest as sustenance earn it every day a day without work affect their fragile economy, something very common in poor countries called third world. HISTORY OF LABOR RIGHTS WORKER ECUATORIANO The first nuclei of working class in Ecuador appear only in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth. But their precarious situation reminded the workers of the central capitalist countries. And in Ecuador they began the struggle for better wages, reducing hours and conquer minimum labor rights. To mark the centenary of the First Cry of Independence, August 10, 1909 the First Congress was held Ecuadorian Workers. In 1911, at the initiative of the Association of Suppliers Market Guayaquil, it was commemorated for the first time on 1. May, the Ecuadorian workers continued remembering in the following years. The government of Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez, by decree of April 23, 1915, consecrated "May Day each year holiday for the workers of Ecuador".
The following year (1916) was decreed in the country the 8-hour day, but was systematically circumvented. There were protests, strikes and demands of the Ecuadorian working class not only to advance the conquest of their rights, but also to achieve respect and generalization of the 8-hour day. In Guayaquil, the workers' strike called for these purposes was suppressed on 15 November 1922 with a shocking massacre of workers.
Recognizing that trajectory of struggles of incipient Ecuadorian proletariat, the July Revolution of 1925, as well as modernizing the State, institutionalized care for the working classes by creating the Ministry of Social Welfare and Labor, the Pension Fund, the issuance of the first labor laws and even the introduction of income tax, which were excluded classes asalariadas.Tras these early efforts, in 1938 the new Labour Code, which recognized the fundamental principles of protecting workers and the basic guarantee was issued their rights. In later decades new institutions for the protection and rights joined the working classes of Ecuador. He grew the idea that economic development would never be enough without creating welfare conditions for the national majority. However, the resistance of concentrators kinds of economic power failed to reverse the historical legacy of marginalization, poverty, misery, unemployment, underemployment, the plight of the employed and the scandalous concentration of wealth in minority dominant.
In November 1884 was held in Chicago the Fourth Congress of the American Federation of Labor, in which it was proposed that as of 1 May 1886, employers would be forced to respect the 8-hour day and, if not, He would go on strike. In 1886, the President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, enacted the Law Ingersoll, establishing the 8-hour workday. As this law and labor unions United States was not met mobilized. When the day came, the workers were organized and productive paralyzed the country with more than five thousand strikes. The most famous episode of this struggle was the unfortunate incident of May 1886 Haymarket Square in Chicago: during a demonstration against the brutal suppression of a recent strike a bomb killed several policemen. But could never find out who was responsible for this attack, four anarchist leaders were accused, summarily tried and executed. In July 1889, the Second International instituted the "International Workers Day" to perpetuate the memory of the events of May 1886 in Chicago. This claim was undertaken by American workers and immediately adopted and promoted by the International Workers' Association, which became common demand of the working class around the world. The Paris Congress of the Second International agreed to hold the "Labor Day" on May 1 of each year.
Since 1890, political parties and integrated in the International unions have led demonstrations by workers in various countries on request of the 8-hour day as a sign of fraternity and the international proletariat. This vindictive and workers' struggle origin is associated with 1 May, the celebration has gone through many ups and downs according to the country and its political regime. Today, almost all democratic countries celebrate it, while unions call for demonstrations and samples perform brotherhood. In 1954, the Catholic Church, under the leadership of Pius XII, tacitly supported this proletarian day, declaring that day as feast of St. Joseph the Worker. During the twentieth century, progress were increasing labor laws for workers, to grant rights of respect, remuneration and social protection. In Argentina, between social laws they may be mentioned: the 4661 law of Sunday rest; 9688 law, which establishes the obligation to compensate accidents and occupational diseases although there is no guilt employer; Law 11,544, which limits the workday to 8 hours and the "Law of dismissal", which deals with the notice and the corresponding compensation. In our country on May 1 is a national holiday by Law 21329 National holidays and nonworking days.
